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5 daysMerge tag 'soc-drivers-6.19' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/soc/soc Pull SoC driver updates from Arnd Bergmann: "This is the first half of the driver changes: - A treewide interface change to the "syscore" operations for power management, as a preparation for future Tegra specific changes - Reset controller updates with added drivers for LAN969x, eic770 and RZ/G3S SoCs - Protection of system controller registers on Renesas and Google SoCs, to prevent trivially triggering a system crash from e.g. debugfs access - soc_device identification updates on Nvidia, Exynos and Mediatek - debugfs support in the ST STM32 firewall driver - Minor updates for SoC drivers on AMD/Xilinx, Renesas, Allwinner, TI - Cleanups for memory controller support on Nvidia and Renesas" * tag 'soc-drivers-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/soc/soc: (114 commits) memory: tegra186-emc: Fix missing put_bpmp Documentation: reset: Remove reset_controller_add_lookup() reset: fix BIT macro reference reset: rzg2l-usbphy-ctrl: Fix a NULL vs IS_ERR() bug in probe reset: th1520: Support reset controllers in more subsystems reset: th1520: Prepare for supporting multiple controllers dt-bindings: reset: thead,th1520-reset: Add controllers for more subsys dt-bindings: reset: thead,th1520-reset: Remove non-VO-subsystem resets reset: remove legacy reset lookup code clk: davinci: psc: drop unused reset lookup reset: rzg2l-usbphy-ctrl: Add support for RZ/G3S SoC reset: rzg2l-usbphy-ctrl: Add support for USB PWRRDY dt-bindings: reset: renesas,rzg2l-usbphy-ctrl: Document RZ/G3S support reset: eswin: Add eic7700 reset driver dt-bindings: reset: eswin: Documentation for eic7700 SoC reset: sparx5: add LAN969x support dt-bindings: reset: microchip: Add LAN969x support soc: rockchip: grf: Add select correct PWM implementation on RK3368 soc/tegra: pmc: Add USB wake events for Tegra234 amba: tegra-ahb: Fix device leak on SMMU enable ...
5 daysMerge tag 'sysctl-6.19-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sysctl/sysctl Pull sysctl updates from Joel Granados: - Move jiffies converters out of kernel/sysctl.c Move the jiffies converters into kernel/time/jiffies.c and replace the pipe-max-size proc_handler converter with a macro based version. This is all part of the effort to relocate non-sysctl logic out of kernel/sysctl.c into more relevant subsystems. No functional changes. - Generalize proc handler converter creation Remove duplicated sysctl converter logic by consolidating it in macros. These are used inside sysctl core as well as in pipe.c and jiffies.c. Converter kernel and user space pointer args are now automatically const qualified for the convenience of the caller. No functional changes. - Miscellaneous Fix kernel-doc format warnings, remove unnecessary __user qualifiers, and move the nmi_watchdog sysctl into .rodata. - Testing This series was run through sysctl selftests/kunit test suite in x86_64. It went into linux-next after rc2, giving it a good 4/5 weeks of testing. * tag 'sysctl-6.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/sysctl/sysctl: (21 commits) sysctl: Wrap do_proc_douintvec with the public function proc_douintvec_conv sysctl: Create pipe-max-size converter using sysctl UINT macros sysctl: Move proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax to kernel/time/jiffies.c sysctl: Move jiffies converters to kernel/time/jiffies.c sysctl: Move UINT converter macros to sysctl header sysctl: Move INT converter macros to sysctl header sysctl: Allow custom converters from outside sysctl sysctl: remove __user qualifier from stack_erasing_sysctl buffer argument sysctl: Create macro for user-to-kernel uint converter sysctl: Add optional range checking to SYSCTL_UINT_CONV_CUSTOM sysctl: Create unsigned int converter using new macro sysctl: Add optional range checking to SYSCTL_INT_CONV_CUSTOM sysctl: Create integer converters with one macro sysctl: Create converter functions with two new macros sysctl: Discriminate between kernel and user converter params sysctl: Indicate the direction of operation with macro names sysctl: Remove superfluous __do_proc_* indirection sysctl: Remove superfluous tbl_data param from "dovec" functions sysctl: Replace void pointer with const pointer to ctl_table sysctl: fix kernel-doc format warning ...
8 daysMerge tag 'core-core-2025-12-03' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull core irq cleanup from Thomas Gleixner: "Tree wide cleanup of the remaining users of in_irq() which got replaced by in_hardirq() and marked deprecated in 2020" * tag 'core-core-2025-12-03' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: treewide: Remove in_irq()
8 daysMerge tag 'timers-core-2025-11-30' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull timer core updates from Thomas Gleixner: - Prevent a thundering herd problem when the timekeeper CPU is delayed and a large number of CPUs compete to acquire jiffies_lock to do the update. Limit it to one CPU with a separate "uncontended" atomic variable. - A set of improvements for the timer migration mechanism: - Support imbalanced NUMA trees correctly - Support dynamic exclusion of CPUs from the migrator duty to allow the cpuset/isolation mechanism to exclude them from handling timers of remote idle CPUs - The usual small updates, cleanups and enhancements * tag 'timers-core-2025-11-30' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: timers/migration: Exclude isolated cpus from hierarchy cpumask: Add initialiser to use cleanup helpers sched/isolation: Force housekeeping if isolcpus and nohz_full don't leave any cgroup/cpuset: Rename update_unbound_workqueue_cpumask() to update_isolation_cpumasks() timers/migration: Use scoped_guard on available flag set/clear timers/migration: Add mask for CPUs available in the hierarchy timers/migration: Rename 'online' bit to 'available' selftests/timers/nanosleep: Add tests for return of remaining time selftests/timers: Clean up kernel version check in posix_timers time: Fix a few typos in time[r] related code comments time: tick-oneshot: Add missing Return and parameter descriptions to kernel-doc hrtimer: Store time as ktime_t in restart block timers/migration: Remove dead code handling idle CPU checking for remote timers timers/migration: Remove unused "cpu" parameter from tmigr_get_group() timers/migration: Assert that hotplug preparing CPU is part of stable active hierarchy timers/migration: Fix imbalanced NUMA trees timers/migration: Remove locking on group connection timers/migration: Convert "while" loops to use "for" tick/sched: Limit non-timekeeper CPUs calling jiffies update
9 daysMerge tag 'namespace-6.19-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs Pull namespace updates from Christian Brauner: "This contains substantial namespace infrastructure changes including a new system call, active reference counting, and extensive header cleanups. The branch depends on the shared kbuild branch for -fms-extensions support. Features: - listns() system call Add a new listns() system call that allows userspace to iterate through namespaces in the system. This provides a programmatic interface to discover and inspect namespaces, addressing longstanding limitations: Currently, there is no direct way for userspace to enumerate namespaces. Applications must resort to scanning /proc/*/ns/ across all processes, which is: - Inefficient - requires iterating over all processes - Incomplete - misses namespaces not attached to any running process but kept alive by file descriptors, bind mounts, or parent references - Permission-heavy - requires access to /proc for many processes - No ordering or ownership information - No filtering per namespace type The listns() system call solves these problems: ssize_t listns(const struct ns_id_req *req, u64 *ns_ids, size_t nr_ns_ids, unsigned int flags); struct ns_id_req { __u32 size; __u32 spare; __u64 ns_id; struct /* listns */ { __u32 ns_type; __u32 spare2; __u64 user_ns_id; }; }; Features include: - Pagination support for large namespace sets - Filtering by namespace type (MNT_NS, NET_NS, USER_NS, etc.) - Filtering by owning user namespace - Permission checks respecting namespace isolation - Active Reference Counting Introduce an active reference count that tracks namespace visibility to userspace. A namespace is visible in the following cases: - The namespace is in use by a task - The namespace is persisted through a VFS object (namespace file descriptor or bind-mount) - The namespace is a hierarchical type and is the parent of child namespaces The active reference count does not regulate lifetime (that's still done by the normal reference count) - it only regulates visibility to namespace file handles and listns(). This prevents resurrection of namespaces that are pinned only for internal kernel reasons (e.g., user namespaces held by file->f_cred, lazy TLB references on idle CPUs, etc.) which should not be accessible via (1)-(3). - Unified Namespace Tree Introduce a unified tree structure for all namespaces with: - Fixed IDs assigned to initial namespaces - Lookup based solely on inode number - Maintained list of owned namespaces per user namespace - Simplified rbtree comparison helpers Cleanups - Header Reorganization: - Move namespace types into separate header (ns_common_types.h) - Decouple nstree from ns_common header - Move nstree types into separate header - Switch to new ns_tree_{node,root} structures with helper functions - Use guards for ns_tree_lock - Initial Namespace Reference Count Optimization - Make all reference counts on initial namespaces a nop to avoid pointless cacheline ping-pong for namespaces that can never go away - Drop custom reference count initialization for initial namespaces - Add NS_COMMON_INIT() macro and use it for all namespaces - pid: rely on common reference count behavior - Miscellaneous Cleanups - Rename exit_task_namespaces() to exit_nsproxy_namespaces() - Rename is_initial_namespace() and make argument const - Use boolean to indicate anonymous mount namespace - Simplify owner list iteration in nstree - nsfs: raise SB_I_NODEV, SB_I_NOEXEC, and DCACHE_DONTCACHE explicitly - nsfs: use inode_just_drop() - pidfs: raise DCACHE_DONTCACHE explicitly - pidfs: simplify PIDFD_GET__NAMESPACE ioctls - libfs: allow to specify s_d_flags - cgroup: add cgroup namespace to tree after owner is set - nsproxy: fix free_nsproxy() and simplify create_new_namespaces() Fixes: - setns(pidfd, ...) race condition Fix a subtle race when using pidfds with setns(). When the target task exits after prepare_nsset() but before commit_nsset(), the namespace's active reference count might have been dropped. If setns() then installs the namespaces, it would bump the active reference count from zero without taking the required reference on the owner namespace, leading to underflow when later decremented. The fix resurrects the ownership chain if necessary - if the caller succeeded in grabbing passive references, the setns() should succeed even if the target task exits or gets reaped. - Return EFAULT on put_user() error instead of success - Make sure references are dropped outside of RCU lock (some namespaces like mount namespace sleep when putting the last reference) - Don't skip active reference count initialization for network namespace - Add asserts for active refcount underflow - Add asserts for initial namespace reference counts (both passive and active) - ipc: enable is_ns_init_id() assertions - Fix kernel-doc comments for internal nstree functions - Selftests - 15 active reference count tests - 9 listns() functionality tests - 7 listns() permission tests - 12 inactive namespace resurrection tests - 3 threaded active reference count tests - commit_creds() active reference tests - Pagination and stress tests - EFAULT handling test - nsid tests fixes" * tag 'namespace-6.19-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (103 commits) pidfs: simplify PIDFD_GET_<type>_NAMESPACE ioctls nstree: fix kernel-doc comments for internal functions nsproxy: fix free_nsproxy() and simplify create_new_namespaces() selftests/namespaces: fix nsid tests ns: drop custom reference count initialization for initial namespaces pid: rely on common reference count behavior ns: add asserts for initial namespace active reference counts ns: add asserts for initial namespace reference counts ns: make all reference counts on initial namespace a nop ipc: enable is_ns_init_id() assertions fs: use boolean to indicate anonymous mount namespace ns: rename is_initial_namespace() ns: make is_initial_namespace() argument const nstree: use guards for ns_tree_lock nstree: simplify owner list iteration nstree: switch to new structures nstree: add helper to operate on struct ns_tree_{node,root} nstree: move nstree types into separate header nstree: decouple from ns_common header ns: move namespace types into separate header ...
13 dayssysctl: Move proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax to kernel/time/jiffies.cJoel Granados
Move proc_doulongvec_ms_jiffies_minmax to kernel/time/jiffies.c. Create a non static wrapper function proc_doulongvec_minmax_conv that forwards the custom convmul and convdiv argument values to the internal do_proc_doulongvec_minmax. Remove unused linux/times.h include from kernel/sysctl.c. Signed-off-by: Joel Granados <joel.granados@kernel.org>
13 dayssysctl: Move jiffies converters to kernel/time/jiffies.cJoel Granados
Move integer jiffies converters (proc_dointvec{_,_ms_,_userhz_}jiffies and proc_dointvec_ms_jiffies_minmax) to kernel/time/jiffies.c. Error stubs for when CONFIG_PRCO_SYSCTL is not defined are not reproduced because all the jiffies converters go through proc_dointvec_conv which is already stubbed. This is part of the greater effort to move sysctl logic out of kernel/sysctl.c thereby reducing merge conflicts in kernel/sysctl.c. Signed-off-by: Joel Granados <joel.granados@kernel.org>
2025-11-25timekeeping: Fix error code in tk_aux_sysfs_init()Dan Carpenter
If kobject_create_and_add() fails on the first iteration, then the error code is set to -ENOMEM which is correct. But if it fails in subsequent iterations then "ret" is zero, which means success, but it should be -ENOMEM. Set the error code to -ENOMEM correctly. Fixes: 7b5ab04f035f ("timekeeping: Fix resource leak in tk_aux_sysfs_init() error paths") Signed-off-by: Dan Carpenter <dan.carpenter@linaro.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Malaya Kumar Rout <mrout@redhat.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/aSW1R8q5zoY_DgQE@stanley.mountain
2025-11-22timers: Fix NULL function pointer race in timer_shutdown_sync()Yipeng Zou
There is a race condition between timer_shutdown_sync() and timer expiration that can lead to hitting a WARN_ON in expire_timers(). The issue occurs when timer_shutdown_sync() clears the timer function to NULL while the timer is still running on another CPU. The race scenario looks like this: CPU0 CPU1 <SOFTIRQ> lock_timer_base() expire_timers() base->running_timer = timer; unlock_timer_base() [call_timer_fn enter] mod_timer() ... timer_shutdown_sync() lock_timer_base() // For now, will not detach the timer but only clear its function to NULL if (base->running_timer != timer) ret = detach_if_pending(timer, base, true); if (shutdown) timer->function = NULL; unlock_timer_base() [call_timer_fn exit] lock_timer_base() base->running_timer = NULL; unlock_timer_base() ... // Now timer is pending while its function set to NULL. // next timer trigger <SOFTIRQ> expire_timers() WARN_ON_ONCE(!fn) // hit ... lock_timer_base() // Now timer will detach if (base->running_timer != timer) ret = detach_if_pending(timer, base, true); if (shutdown) timer->function = NULL; unlock_timer_base() The problem is that timer_shutdown_sync() clears the timer function regardless of whether the timer is currently running. This can leave a pending timer with a NULL function pointer, which triggers the WARN_ON_ONCE(!fn) check in expire_timers(). Fix this by only clearing the timer function when actually detaching the timer. If the timer is running, leave the function pointer intact, which is safe because the timer will be properly detached when it finishes running. Fixes: 0cc04e80458a ("timers: Add shutdown mechanism to the internal functions") Signed-off-by: Yipeng Zou <zouyipeng@huawei.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Cc: stable@vger.kernel.org Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251122093942.301559-1-zouyipeng@huawei.com
2025-11-20timers/migration: Exclude isolated cpus from hierarchyGabriele Monaco
The timer migration mechanism allows active CPUs to pull timers from idle ones to improve the overall idle time. This is however undesired when CPU intensive workloads run on isolated cores, as the algorithm would move the timers from housekeeping to isolated cores, negatively affecting the isolation. Exclude isolated cores from the timer migration algorithm, extend the concept of unavailable cores, currently used for offline ones, to isolated ones: * A core is unavailable if isolated or offline; * A core is available if non isolated and online; A core is considered unavailable as isolated if it belongs to: * the isolcpus (domain) list * an isolated cpuset Except if it is: * in the nohz_full list (already idle for the hierarchy) * the nohz timekeeper core (must be available to handle global timers) CPUs are added to the hierarchy during late boot, excluding isolated ones, the hierarchy is also adapted when the cpuset isolation changes. Due to how the timer migration algorithm works, any CPU part of the hierarchy can have their global timers pulled by remote CPUs and have to pull remote timers, only skipping pulling remote timers would break the logic. For this reason, prevent isolated CPUs from pulling remote global timers, but also the other way around: any global timer started on an isolated CPU will run there. This does not break the concept of isolation (global timers don't come from outside the CPU) and, if considered inappropriate, can usually be mitigated with other isolation techniques (e.g. IRQ pinning). This effect was noticed on a 128 cores machine running oslat on the isolated cores (1-31,33-63,65-95,97-127). The tool monopolises CPUs, and the CPU with lowest count in a timer migration hierarchy (here 1 and 65) appears as always active and continuously pulls global timers, from the housekeeping CPUs. This ends up moving driver work (e.g. delayed work) to isolated CPUs and causes latency spikes: before the change: # oslat -c 1-31,33-63,65-95,97-127 -D 62s ... Maximum: 1203 10 3 4 ... 5 (us) after the change: # oslat -c 1-31,33-63,65-95,97-127 -D 62s ... Maximum: 10 4 3 4 3 ... 5 (us) The same behaviour was observed on a machine with as few as 20 cores / 40 threads with isocpus set to: 1-9,11-39 with rtla-osnoise-top. Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Tested-by: John B. Wyatt IV <jwyatt@redhat.com> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251120145653.296659-8-gmonaco@redhat.com
2025-11-20timers/migration: Use scoped_guard on available flag set/clearGabriele Monaco
Cleanup tmigr_clear_cpu_available() and tmigr_set_cpu_available() to prepare for easier checks on the available flag. Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251120145653.296659-4-gmonaco@redhat.com
2025-11-20timers/migration: Add mask for CPUs available in the hierarchyGabriele Monaco
Keep track of the CPUs available for timer migration in a cpumask. This prepares the ground to generalise the concept of unavailable CPUs. Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251120145653.296659-3-gmonaco@redhat.com
2025-11-20timers/migration: Rename 'online' bit to 'available'Gabriele Monaco
The timer migration hierarchy excludes offline CPUs via the tmigr_is_not_available function, which is essentially checking the online bit for the CPU. Rename the online bit to available and all references in function names and tracepoint to generalise the concept of available CPUs. Signed-off-by: Gabriele Monaco <gmonaco@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251120145653.296659-2-gmonaco@redhat.com
2025-11-20timekeeping: Fix resource leak in tk_aux_sysfs_init() error pathsMalaya Kumar Rout
tk_aux_sysfs_init() returns immediately on error during the auxiliary clock initialization loop without cleaning up previously allocated kobjects and sysfs groups. If kobject_create_and_add() or sysfs_create_group() fails during loop iteration, the parent kobjects (tko and auxo) and any previously created child kobjects are leaked. Fix this by adding proper error handling with goto labels to ensure all allocated resources are cleaned up on failure. kobject_put() on the parent kobjects will handle cleanup of their children. Fixes: 7b95663a3d96 ("timekeeping: Provide interface to control auxiliary clocks") Signed-off-by: Malaya Kumar Rout <mrout@redhat.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251120150213.246777-1-mrout@redhat.com
2025-11-19tick/sched: Fix bogus condition in report_idle_softirq()Wen Yang
In commit 0345691b24c0 ("tick/rcu: Stop allowing RCU_SOFTIRQ in idle") the new function report_idle_softirq() was created by breaking code out of the existing can_stop_idle_tick() for kernels v5.18 and newer. In doing so, the code essentially went from this form: if (A) { static int ratelimit; if (ratelimit < 10 && !C && A&D) { pr_warn("NOHZ tick-stop error: ..."); ratelimit++; } return false; } to a new function: static bool report_idle_softirq(void) { static int ratelimit; if (likely(!A)) return false; if (ratelimit < 10) return false; ... pr_warn("NOHZ tick-stop error: local softirq work is pending, handler #%02x!!!\n", pending); ratelimit++; return true; } commit a7e282c77785 ("tick/rcu: Fix bogus ratelimit condition") realized ratelimit was essentially set to zero instead of ten, and hence *no* softirq pending messages would ever be issued, but "fixed" it as: - if (ratelimit < 10) + if (ratelimit >= 10) return false; However, this fix introduced another issue: When ratelimit is greater than or equal 10, even if A is true, it will directly return false. While ratelimit in the original code was only used to control printing and will not affect the return value. Restore the original logic and restrict ratelimit to control the printk and not the return value. Fixes: 0345691b24c0 ("tick/rcu: Stop allowing RCU_SOFTIRQ in idle") Fixes: a7e282c77785 ("tick/rcu: Fix bogus ratelimit condition") Signed-off-by: Wen Yang <wen.yang@linux.dev> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251119174525.29470-1-wen.yang@linux.dev
2025-11-14time: Fix a few typos in time[r] related code commentsJianyun Gao
Signed-off-by: Jianyun Gao <jianyungao89@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20250927093411.1509275-1-jianyungao89@gmail.com
2025-11-14time: tick-oneshot: Add missing Return and parameter descriptions to kernel-docSunday Adelodun
Several functions in kernel/time/tick-oneshot.c are missing parameter and return value descriptions in their kernel-doc comments. This causes warnings during doc generation. Update the kernel-doc blocks to include detailed @param and Return: descriptions for better clarity and to fix kernel-doc warnings. No functional code changes are made. Signed-off-by: Sunday Adelodun <adelodunolaoluwa@yahoo.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251106113938.34693-3-adelodunolaoluwa@yahoo.com
2025-11-14posix-timers: Plug potential memory leak in do_timer_create()Eslam Khafagy
When posix timer creation is set to allocate a given timer ID and the access to the user space value faults, the function terminates without freeing the already allocated posix timer structure. Move the allocation after the user space access to cure that. [ tglx: Massaged change log ] Fixes: ec2d0c04624b3 ("posix-timers: Provide a mechanism to allocate a given timer ID") Reported-by: syzbot+9c47ad18f978d4394986@syzkaller.appspotmail.com Suggested-by: Cyrill Gorcunov <gorcunov@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Eslam Khafagy <eslam.medhat1993@gmail.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251114122739.994326-1-eslam.medhat1993@gmail.com Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/all/69155df4.a70a0220.3124cb.0017.GAE@google.com/T/
2025-11-14hrtimer: Store time as ktime_t in restart blockThomas Weißschuh
The hrtimer core uses ktime_t to represent times, use that also for the restart block. CPU timers internally use nanoseconds instead of ktime_t but use the same restart block, so use the correct accessors for those. Signed-off-by: Thomas Weißschuh <thomas.weissschuh@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251110-restart-block-expiration-v1-3-5d39cc93df4f@linutronix.de
2025-11-14syscore: Pass context data to callbacksThierry Reding
Several drivers can benefit from registering per-instance data along with the syscore operations. To achieve this, move the modifiable fields out of the syscore_ops structure and into a separate struct syscore that can be registered with the framework. Add a void * driver data field for drivers to store contextual data that will be passed to the syscore ops. Acked-by: Rafael J. Wysocki (Intel) <rafael@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thierry Reding <treding@nvidia.com>
2025-11-11ns: drop custom reference count initialization for initial namespacesChristian Brauner
Initial namespaces don't modify their reference count anymore. They remain fixed at one so drop the custom refcount initializations. Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251110-work-namespace-nstree-fixes-v1-16-e8a9264e0fb9@kernel.org Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-11-11Merge branch 'kbuild-6.19.fms.extension'Christian Brauner
Bring in the shared branch with the kbuild tree to enable '-fms-extensions' for 6.19. Further namespace cleanup work requires this extension. Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-11-03ns: use NS_COMMON_INIT() for all namespacesChristian Brauner
Now that we have a common initializer use it for all static namespaces. Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-11-01timers/migration: Remove dead code handling idle CPU checking for remote timersFrederic Weisbecker
Idle migrators don't walk the whole tree in order to find out if there are timers to migrate because they recorded the next deadline to be verified within a single check in tmigr_requires_handle_remote(). Remove the related dead code and data. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024132536.39841-7-frederic@kernel.org
2025-11-01timers/migration: Remove unused "cpu" parameter from tmigr_get_group()Frederic Weisbecker
Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024132536.39841-6-frederic@kernel.org
2025-11-01timers/migration: Assert that hotplug preparing CPU is part of stable active ↵Frederic Weisbecker
hierarchy The CPU doing the prepare work for a remote target must be online from the tree point of view and its hierarchy must be active, otherwise propagating its active state up to the new root branch would be either incorrect or racy. Assert those conditions with more sanity checks. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024132536.39841-5-frederic@kernel.org
2025-11-01timers/migration: Fix imbalanced NUMA treesFrederic Weisbecker
When a CPU from a new node boots, the old root may happen to be connected to the new root even if their node mismatch, as depicted in the following scenario: 1) CPU 0 boots and creates the first group for node 0. [GRP0:0] node 0 | CPU 0 2) CPU 1 from node 1 boots and creates a new top that corresponds to node 1, but it also connects the old root from node 0 to the new root from node 1 by mistake. [GRP1:0] node 1 / \ / \ [GRP0:0] [GRP0:1] node 0 node 1 | | CPU 0 CPU 1 3) This eventually leads to an imbalanced tree where some node 0 CPUs migrate node 1 timers (and vice versa) way before reaching the crossnode groups, resulting in more frequent remote memory accesses than expected. [GRP2:0] NUMA_NO_NODE / \ [GRP1:0] [GRP1:1] node 1 node 0 / \ | / \ [...] [GRP0:0] [GRP0:1] node 0 node 1 | | CPU 0... CPU 1... A balanced tree should only contain groups having children that belong to the same node: [GRP2:0] NUMA_NO_NODE / \ [GRP1:0] [GRP1:0] node 0 node 1 / \ / \ / \ / \ [GRP0:0] [...] [...] [GRP0:1] node 0 node 1 | | CPU 0... CPU 1... In order to fix this, the hierarchy must be unfolded up to the crossnode level as soon as a node mismatch is detected. For example the stage 2 above should lead to this layout: [GRP2:0] NUMA_NO_NODE / \ [GRP1:0] [GRP1:1] node 0 node 1 / \ / \ [GRP0:0] [GRP0:1] node 0 node 1 | | CPU 0 CPU 1 This means that not only GRP1:0 must be created but also GRP1:1 and GRP2:0 in order to prepare a balanced tree for next CPUs to boot. Fixes: 7ee988770326 ("timers: Implement the hierarchical pull model") Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024132536.39841-4-frederic@kernel.org
2025-11-01timers/migration: Remove locking on group connectionFrederic Weisbecker
Initializing the tmc's group, the group's number of children and the group's parent can all be done without locking because: 1) Reading the group's parent and its group mask is done locklessly. 2) The connections prepared for a given CPU hierarchy are visible to the target CPU once online, thanks to the CPU hotplug enforced memory ordering. 3) In case of a newly created upper level, the new root and its connections and initialization are made visible by the CPU which made the connections. When that CPUs goes idle in the future, the new link is published by tmigr_inactive_up() through the atomic RmW on ->migr_state. 4) If CPUs were still walking up the active hierarchy, they could observe the new root earlier. In this case the ordering is enforced by an early initialization of the group mask and by barriers that maintain address dependency as explained in: b729cc1ec21a ("timers/migration: Fix another race between hotplug and idle entry/exit") de3ced72a792 ("timers/migration: Enforce group initialization visibility to tree walkers") 5) Timers are propagated by a chain of group locking from the bottom to the top. And while doing so, the tree also propagates groups links and initialization. Therefore remote expiration, which also relies on group locking, will observe those links and initialization while holding the root lock before walking the tree remotely and update remote timers. This is especially important for migrators in the active hierarchy that may observe the new root early. Therefore the locking is unnecessary at initialization. If anything, it just brings confusion. Remove it. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024132536.39841-3-frederic@kernel.org
2025-11-01timers/migration: Convert "while" loops to use "for"Frederic Weisbecker
Both the "do while" and "while" loops in tmigr_setup_groups() eventually mimic the behaviour of "for" loops. Simplify accordingly. Signed-off-by: Frederic Weisbecker <frederic@kernel.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024132536.39841-2-frederic@kernel.org
2025-11-01tick/sched: Limit non-timekeeper CPUs calling jiffies updateSteve Wahl
On large NUMA systems, while running a test program that saturates the inter-processor and inter-NUMA links, acquiring the jiffies_lock can be very expensive. If the cpu designated to do jiffies updates (tick_do_timer_cpu) gets delayed and other cpus decide to do the jiffies update themselves, a large number of them decide to do so at the same time. The inexpensive check against tick_next_period is far quicker than actually acquiring the lock, so most of these get in line to obtain the lock. If obtaining the lock is slow enough, this spirals into the vast majority of CPUs continuously being stuck waiting for this lock, just to obtain it and find out that time has already been updated by another cpu. For example, on one random entry to kdb by manually-injected NMI, 2912 of 3840 CPUs were observed to be stuck there. To avoid this, allow only one non-timekeeper CPU to call tick_do_update_jiffies64() at any given time, resetting ts->stalled jiffies only if the jiffies update function is actually called. With this change, manually interrupting the test at most two CPUs are observed to invoke tick_do_update_jiffies64() - the timekeeper and one other. Signed-off-by: Steve Wahl <steve.wahl@hpe.com> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Acked-by: Shrikanth Hegde <sshegde@linux.ibm.com> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251027183456.343407-1-steve.wahl@hpe.com
2025-10-24treewide: Remove in_irq()Matthew Wilcox (Oracle)
This old alias for in_hardirq() has been marked as deprecated since 2020; remove the stragglers. Signed-off-by: Matthew Wilcox (Oracle) <willy@infradead.org> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251024180654.1691095-1-willy@infradead.org
2025-10-20timekeeping: Fix aux clocks sysfs initialization loop boundHaofeng Li
The loop in tk_aux_sysfs_init() uses `i <= MAX_AUX_CLOCKS` as the termination condition, which results in 9 iterations (i=0 to 8) when MAX_AUX_CLOCKS is defined as 8. However, the kernel is designed to support only up to 8 auxiliary clocks. This off-by-one error causes the creation of a 9th sysfs entry that exceeds the intended auxiliary clock range. Fix the loop bound to use `i < MAX_AUX_CLOCKS` to ensure exactly 8 auxiliary clock entries are created, matching the design specification. Fixes: 7b95663a3d96 ("timekeeping: Provide interface to control auxiliary clocks") Signed-off-by: Haofeng Li <lihaofeng@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Link: https://patch.msgid.link/tencent_2376993D9FC06A3616A4F981B3DE1C599607@qq.com
2025-10-02Merge tag 'net-next-6.18' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next Pull networking updates from Paolo Abeni: "Core & protocols: - Improve drop account scalability on NUMA hosts for RAW and UDP sockets and the backlog, almost doubling the Pps capacity under DoS - Optimize the UDP RX performance under stress, reducing contention, revisiting the binary layout of the involved data structs and implementing NUMA-aware locking. This improves UDP RX performance by an additional 50%, even more under extreme conditions - Add support for PSP encryption of TCP connections; this mechanism has some similarities with IPsec and TLS, but offers superior HW offloads capabilities - Ongoing work to support Accurate ECN for TCP. AccECN allows more than one congestion notification signal per RTT and is a building block for Low Latency, Low Loss, and Scalable Throughput (L4S) - Reorganize the TCP socket binary layout for data locality, reducing the number of touched cachelines in the fastpath - Refactor skb deferral free to better scale on large multi-NUMA hosts, this improves TCP and UDP RX performances significantly on such HW - Increase the default socket memory buffer limits from 256K to 4M to better fit modern link speeds - Improve handling of setups with a large number of nexthop, making dump operating scaling linearly and avoiding unneeded synchronize_rcu() on delete - Improve bridge handling of VLAN FDB, storing a single entry per bridge instead of one entry per port; this makes the dump order of magnitude faster on large switches - Restore IP ID correctly for encapsulated packets at GSO segmentation time, allowing GRO to merge packets in more scenarios - Improve netfilter matching performance on large sets - Improve MPTCP receive path performance by leveraging recently introduced core infrastructure (skb deferral free) and adopting recent TCP autotuning changes - Allow bridges to redirect to a backup port when the bridge port is administratively down - Introduce MPTCP 'laminar' endpoint that con be used only once per connection and simplify common MPTCP setups - Add RCU safety to dst->dev, closing a lot of possible races - A significant crypto library API for SCTP, MPTCP and IPv6 SR, reducing code duplication - Supports pulling data from an skb frag into the linear area of an XDP buffer Things we sprinkled into general kernel code: - Generate netlink documentation from YAML using an integrated YAML parser Driver API: - Support using IPv6 Flow Label in Rx hash computation and RSS queue selection - Introduce API for fetching the DMA device for a given queue, allowing TCP zerocopy RX on more H/W setups - Make XDP helpers compatible with unreadable memory, allowing more easily building DevMem-enabled drivers with a unified XDP/skbs datapath - Add a new dedicated ethtool callback enabling drivers to provide the number of RX rings directly, improving efficiency and clarity in RX ring queries and RSS configuration - Introduce a burst period for the health reporter, allowing better handling of multiple errors due to the same root cause - Support for DPLL phase offset exponential moving average, controlling the average smoothing factor Device drivers: - Add a new Huawei driver for 3rd gen NIC (hinic3) - Add a new SpacemiT driver for K1 ethernet MAC - Add a generic abstraction for shared memory communication devices (dibps) - Ethernet high-speed NICs: - nVidia/Mellanox: - Use multiple per-queue doorbell, to avoid MMIO contention issues - support adjacent functions, allowing them to delegate their SR-IOV VFs to sibling PFs - support RSS for IPSec offload - support exposing raw cycle counters in PTP and mlx5 - support for disabling host PFs. - Intel (100G, ice, idpf): - ice: support for SRIOV VFs over an Active-Active link aggregate - ice: support for firmware logging via debugfs - ice: support for Earliest TxTime First (ETF) hardware offload - idpf: support basic XDP functionalities and XSk - Broadcom (bnxt): - support Hyper-V VF ID - dynamic SRIOV resource allocations for RoCE - Meta (fbnic): - support queue API, zero-copy Rx and Tx - support basic XDP functionalities - devlink health support for FW crashes and OTP mem corruptions - expand hardware stats coverage to FEC, PHY, and Pause - Wangxun: - support ethtool coalesce options - support for multiple RSS contexts - Ethernet virtual: - Macsec: - replace custom netlink attribute checks with policy-level checks - Bonding: - support aggregator selection based on port priority - Microsoft vNIC: - use page pool fragments for RX buffers instead of full pages to improve memory efficiency - Ethernet NICs consumer, and embedded: - Qualcomm: support Ethernet function for IPQ9574 SoC - Airoha: implement wlan offloading via NPU - Freescale - enetc: add NETC timer PTP driver and add PTP support - fec: enable the Jumbo frame support for i.MX8QM - Renesas (R-Car S4): - support HW offloading for layer 2 switching - support for RZ/{T2H, N2H} SoCs - Cadence (macb): support TAPRIO traffic scheduling - TI: - support for Gigabit ICSS ethernet SoC (icssm-prueth) - Synopsys (stmmac): a lot of cleanups - Ethernet PHYs: - Support 10g-qxgmi phy-mode for AQR412C, Felix DSA and Lynx PCS driver - Support bcm63268 GPHY power control - Support for Micrel lan8842 PHY and PTP - Support for Aquantia AQR412 and AQR115 - CAN: - a large CAN-XL preparation work - reorganize raw_sock and uniqframe struct to minimize memory usage - rcar_canfd: update the CAN-FD handling - WiFi: - extended Neighbor Awareness Networking (NAN) support - S1G channel representation cleanup - improve S1G support - WiFi drivers: - Intel (iwlwifi): - major refactor and cleanup - Broadcom (brcm80211): - support for AP isolation - RealTek (rtw88/89) rtw88/89: - preparation work for RTL8922DE support - MediaTek (mt76): - HW restart improvements - MLO support - Qualcomm/Atheros (ath10k): - GTK rekey fixes - Bluetooth drivers: - btusb: support for several new IDs for MT7925 - btintel: support for BlazarIW core - btintel_pcie: support for _suspend() / _resume() - btintel_pcie: support for Scorpious, Panther Lake-H484 IDs" * tag 'net-next-6.18' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/net-next: (1536 commits) net: stmmac: Add support for Allwinner A523 GMAC200 dt-bindings: net: sun8i-emac: Add A523 GMAC200 compatible Revert "Documentation: net: add flow control guide and document ethtool API" octeontx2-pf: fix bitmap leak octeontx2-vf: fix bitmap leak net/mlx5e: Use extack in set rxfh callback net/mlx5e: Introduce mlx5e_rss_params for RSS configuration net/mlx5e: Introduce mlx5e_rss_init_params net/mlx5e: Remove unused mdev param from RSS indir init net/mlx5: Improve QoS error messages with actual depth values net/mlx5e: Prevent entering switchdev mode with inconsistent netns net/mlx5: HWS, Generalize complex matchers net/mlx5: Improve write-combining test reliability for ARM64 Grace CPUs selftests/net: add tcp_port_share to .gitignore Revert "net/mlx5e: Update and set Xon/Xoff upon MTU set" net: add NUMA awareness to skb_attempt_defer_free() net: use llist for sd->defer_list net: make softnet_data.defer_count an atomic selftests: drv-net: psp: add tests for destroying devices selftests: drv-net: psp: add test for auto-adjusting TCP MSS ...
2025-09-30Merge tag 'timers-vdso-2025-09-29' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull VDSO updates from Thomas Gleixner: - Further consolidation of the VDSO infrastructure and the common data store - Simplification of the related Kconfig logic - Improve the VDSO selftest suite * tag 'timers-vdso-2025-09-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: selftests: vDSO: Drop vdso_test_clock_getres selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Add tests for clock_gettime64() selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Test CPUTIME clocks selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Use explicit indices for name array selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Drop clock availability tests selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Use ksft_finished() selftests: vDSO: vdso_test_abi: Correctly skip whole test with missing vDSO selftests: vDSO: Fix -Wunitialized in powerpc VDSO_CALL() wrapper vdso: Add struct __kernel_old_timeval forward declaration to gettime.h vdso: Gate VDSO_GETRANDOM behind HAVE_GENERIC_VDSO vdso: Drop Kconfig GENERIC_VDSO_TIME_NS vdso: Drop Kconfig GENERIC_VDSO_DATA_STORE vdso: Drop kconfig GENERIC_COMPAT_VDSO vdso: Drop kconfig GENERIC_VDSO_32 riscv: vdso: Untangle Kconfig logic time: Build generic update_vsyscall() only with generic time vDSO vdso/gettimeofday: Remove !CONFIG_TIME_NS stubs vdso: Move ENABLE_COMPAT_VDSO from core to arm64 ARM: VDSO: Remove cntvct_ok global variable vdso/datastore: Gate time data behind CONFIG_GENERIC_GETTIMEOFDAY
2025-09-30Merge tag 'timers-clocksource-2025-09-29' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull clocksource updates from Thomas Gleixner: - Further preparations for modular clocksource/event drivers - The usual device tree updates to support new chip variants and the related changes to thise drivers - Avoid a 64-bit division in the TEGRA186 driver, which caused a build fail on 32-bit machines. - Small fixes, improvements and cleanups all over the place * tag 'timers-clocksource-2025-09-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: (52 commits) dt-bindings: timer: exynos4210-mct: Add compatible for ARTPEC-9 SoC clocksource/drivers/sh_cmt: Split start/stop of clock source and events clocksource/drivers/clps711x: Fix resource leaks in error paths clocksource/drivers/arm_global_timer: Add auto-detection for initial prescaler values clocksource/drivers/ingenic-sysost: Convert from round_rate() to determine_rate() clocksource/drivers/timer-tegra186: Don't print superfluous errors clocksource/drivers/timer-rtl-otto: Simplify documentation clocksource/drivers/timer-rtl-otto: Do not interfere with interrupts clocksource/drivers/timer-rtl-otto: Drop set_counter function clocksource/drivers/timer-rtl-otto: Work around dying timers clocksource/drivers/timer-ti-dm : Capture functionality for OMAP DM timer clocksource/drivers/arm_arch_timer_mmio: Add MMIO clocksource clocksource/drivers/arm_arch_timer_mmio: Switch over to standalone driver clocksource/drivers/arm_arch_timer: Add standalone MMIO driver ACPI: GTDT: Generate platform devices for MMIO timers clocksource/drivers/nxp-pit: Add NXP Automotive s32g2 / s32g3 support dt: bindings: fsl,vf610-pit: Add compatible for s32g2 and s32g3 clocksource/drivers/vf-pit: Rename the VF PIT to NXP PIT clocksource/drivers/vf-pit: Unify the function name for irq ack clocksource/drivers/vf-pit: Consolidate calls to pit_*_disable/enable ...
2025-09-30Merge tag 'timers-core-2025-09-29' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip Pull timer core updates from Thomas Gleixner: - Address the inconsistent shutdown sequence of per CPU clockevents on CPU hotplug, which only removed it from the core but failed to invoke the actual device driver shutdown callback. This kept the timer active, which prevented power savings and caused pointless noise in virtualization. - Encapsulate the open coded access to the hrtimer clock base, which is a private implementation detail, so that the implementation can be changed without breaking a lot of usage sites. - Enhance the debug output of the clocksource watchdog to provide better information for analysis. - The usual set of cleanups and enhancements all over the place * tag 'timers-core-2025-09-29' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/tip/tip: time: Fix spelling mistakes in comments clocksource: Print durations for sync check unconditionally LoongArch: Remove clockevents shutdown call on offlining tick: Do not set device to detached state in tick_shutdown() hrtimer: Reorder branches in hrtimer_clockid_to_base() hrtimer: Remove hrtimer_clock_base:: Get_time hrtimer: Use hrtimer_cb_get_time() helper media: pwm-ir-tx: Avoid direct access to hrtimer clockbase ALSA: hrtimer: Avoid direct access to hrtimer clockbase lib: test_objpool: Avoid direct access to hrtimer clockbase sched/core: Avoid direct access to hrtimer clockbase timers/itimer: Avoid direct access to hrtimer clockbase posix-timers: Avoid direct access to hrtimer clockbase jiffies: Remove obsolete SHIFTED_HZ comment
2025-09-29Merge tag 'namespace-6.18-rc1' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs Pull namespace updates from Christian Brauner: "This contains a larger set of changes around the generic namespace infrastructure of the kernel. Each specific namespace type (net, cgroup, mnt, ...) embedds a struct ns_common which carries the reference count of the namespace and so on. We open-coded and cargo-culted so many quirks for each namespace type that it just wasn't scalable anymore. So given there's a bunch of new changes coming in that area I've started cleaning all of this up. The core change is to make it possible to correctly initialize every namespace uniformly and derive the correct initialization settings from the type of the namespace such as namespace operations, namespace type and so on. This leaves the new ns_common_init() function with a single parameter which is the specific namespace type which derives the correct parameters statically. This also means the compiler will yell as soon as someone does something remotely fishy. The ns_common_init() addition also allows us to remove ns_alloc_inum() and drops any special-casing of the initial network namespace in the network namespace initialization code that Linus complained about. Another part is reworking the reference counting. The reference counting was open-coded and copy-pasted for each namespace type even though they all followed the same rules. This also removes all open accesses to the reference count and makes it private and only uses a very small set of dedicated helpers to manipulate them just like we do for e.g., files. In addition this generalizes the mount namespace iteration infrastructure introduced a few cycles ago. As reminder, the vfs makes it possible to iterate sequentially and bidirectionally through all mount namespaces on the system or all mount namespaces that the caller holds privilege over. This allow userspace to iterate over all mounts in all mount namespaces using the listmount() and statmount() system call. Each mount namespace has a unique identifier for the lifetime of the systems that is exposed to userspace. The network namespace also has a unique identifier working exactly the same way. This extends the concept to all other namespace types. The new nstree type makes it possible to lookup namespaces purely by their identifier and to walk the namespace list sequentially and bidirectionally for all namespace types, allowing userspace to iterate through all namespaces. Looking up namespaces in the namespace tree works completely locklessly. This also means we can move the mount namespace onto the generic infrastructure and remove a bunch of code and members from struct mnt_namespace itself. There's a bunch of stuff coming on top of this in the future but for now this uses the generic namespace tree to extend a concept introduced first for pidfs a few cycles ago. For a while now we have supported pidfs file handles for pidfds. This has proven to be very useful. This extends the concept to cover namespaces as well. It is possible to encode and decode namespace file handles using the common name_to_handle_at() and open_by_handle_at() apis. As with pidfs file handles, namespace file handles are exhaustive, meaning it is not required to actually hold a reference to nsfs in able to decode aka open_by_handle_at() a namespace file handle. Instead the FD_NSFS_ROOT constant can be passed which will let the kernel grab a reference to the root of nsfs internally and thus decode the file handle. Namespaces file descriptors can already be derived from pidfds which means they aren't subject to overmount protection bugs. IOW, it's irrelevant if the caller would not have access to an appropriate /proc/<pid>/ns/ directory as they could always just derive the namespace based on a pidfd already. It has the same advantage as pidfds. It's possible to reliably and for the lifetime of the system refer to a namespace without pinning any resources and to compare them trivially. Permission checking is kept simple. If the caller is located in the namespace the file handle refers to they are able to open it otherwise they must hold privilege over the owning namespace of the relevant namespace. The namespace file handle layout is exposed as uapi and has a stable and extensible format. For now it simply contains the namespace identifier, the namespace type, and the inode number. The stable format means that userspace may construct its own namespace file handles without going through name_to_handle_at() as they are already allowed for pidfs and cgroup file handles" * tag 'namespace-6.18-rc1' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: (65 commits) ns: drop assert ns: move ns type into struct ns_common nstree: make struct ns_tree private ns: add ns_debug() ns: simplify ns_common_init() further cgroup: add missing ns_common include ns: use inode initializer for initial namespaces selftests/namespaces: verify initial namespace inode numbers ns: rename to __ns_ref nsfs: port to ns_ref_*() helpers net: port to ns_ref_*() helpers uts: port to ns_ref_*() helpers ipv4: use check_net() net: use check_net() net-sysfs: use check_net() user: port to ns_ref_*() helpers time: port to ns_ref_*() helpers pid: port to ns_ref_*() helpers ipc: port to ns_ref_*() helpers cgroup: port to ns_ref_*() helpers ...
2025-09-29Merge tag 'kernel-6.18-rc1.clone3' of ↵Linus Torvalds
git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs Pull copy_process updates from Christian Brauner: "This contains the changes to enable support for clone3() on nios2 which apparently is still a thing. The more exciting part of this is that it cleans up the inconsistency in how the 64-bit flag argument is passed from copy_process() into the various other copy_*() helpers" [ Fixed up rv ltl_monitor 32-bit support as per Sasha Levin in the merge ] * tag 'kernel-6.18-rc1.clone3' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/vfs/vfs: nios2: implement architecture-specific portion of sys_clone3 arch: copy_thread: pass clone_flags as u64 copy_process: pass clone_flags as u64 across calltree copy_sighand: Handle architectures where sizeof(unsigned long) < sizeof(u64)
2025-09-25ns: move ns type into struct ns_commonChristian Brauner
It's misplaced in struct proc_ns_operations and ns->ops might be NULL if the namespace is compiled out but we still want to know the type of the namespace for the initial namespace struct. Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-23time/sched_clock: Export symbol for sched_clock register functionDaniel Lezcano
The timer drivers could be converted into modules. The different functions to register the clocksource or the clockevent are already exporting their symbols for modules but the sched_clock_register() function is missing. Export the symbols so the drivers using this function can be converted into modules. Signed-off-by: Daniel Lezcano <daniel.lezcano@linaro.org> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Carlos Llamas <cmllamas@google.com> Reviewed-by: Will McVicker <willmcvicker@google.com> Acked-by: John Stultz <jstultz@google.com> Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250602151853.1942521-8-daniel.lezcano@linaro.org
2025-09-22ns: simplify ns_common_init() furtherChristian Brauner
Simply derive the ns operations from the namespace type. Acked-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-21time: Fix spelling mistakes in commentsHaofeng Li
Correct several typos found in comments across various files in the kernel/time directory. No functional changes are introduced by these corrections. Signed-off-by: Haofeng Li <lihaofeng@kylinos.cn> Signed-off-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de>
2025-09-19ns: use inode initializer for initial namespacesChristian Brauner
Just use the common helper we have. Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-19ns: rename to __ns_refChristian Brauner
Make it easier to grep and rename to ns_count. Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-19ns: add ns_common_free()Christian Brauner
And drop ns_free_inum(). Anything common that can be wasted centrally should be wasted in the new common helper. Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-19nscommon: simplify initializationChristian Brauner
There's a lot of information that namespace implementers don't need to know about at all. Encapsulate this all in the initialization helper. Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-19ns: add to_<type>_ns() to respective headersChristian Brauner
Every namespace type has a container_of(ns, <ns_type>, ns) static inline function that is currently not exposed in the header. So we have a bunch of places that open-code it via container_of(). Move it to the headers so we can use it directly. Reviewed-by: Aleksa Sarai <cyphar@cyphar.com> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-19time: support ns lookupChristian Brauner
Support the generic ns lookup infrastructure to support file handles for namespaces. Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-19time: use ns_common_init()Christian Brauner
Don't cargo-cult the same thing over and over. Reviewed-by: Jan Kara <jack@suse.cz> Reviewed-by: Thomas Gleixner <tglx@linutronix.de> Signed-off-by: Christian Brauner <brauner@kernel.org>
2025-09-18Merge git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/netdev/netJakub Kicinski
Cross-merge networking fixes after downstream PR (net-6.17-rc7). No conflicts. Adjacent changes: drivers/net/ethernet/mellanox/mlx5/core/en/fs.h 9536fbe10c9d ("net/mlx5e: Add PSP steering in local NIC RX") 7601a0a46216 ("net/mlx5e: Add a miss level for ipsec crypto offload") Signed-off-by: Jakub Kicinski <kuba@kernel.org>