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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux
Pull Rust updates from Miguel Ojeda:
"Toolchain and infrastructure:
- Add support for 'syn'.
Syn is a parsing library for parsing a stream of Rust tokens into a
syntax tree of Rust source code.
Currently this library is geared toward use in Rust procedural
macros, but contains some APIs that may be useful more generally.
'syn' allows us to greatly simplify writing complex macros such as
'pin-init' (Benno has already prepared the 'syn'-based version). We
will use it in the 'macros' crate too.
'syn' is the most downloaded Rust crate (according to crates.io),
and it is also used by the Rust compiler itself. While the amount
of code is substantial, there should not be many updates needed for
these crates, and even if there are, they should not be too big,
e.g. +7k -3k lines across the 3 crates in the last year.
'syn' requires two smaller dependencies: 'quote' and 'proc-macro2'.
I only modified their code to remove a third dependency
('unicode-ident') and to add the SPDX identifiers. The code can be
easily verified to exactly match upstream with the provided
scripts.
They are all licensed under "Apache-2.0 OR MIT", like the other
vendored 'alloc' crate we had for a while.
Please see the merge commit with the cover letter for more context.
- Allow 'unreachable_pub' and 'clippy::disallowed_names' for
doctests.
Examples (i.e. doctests) may want to do things like show public
items and use names such as 'foo'.
Nevertheless, we still try to keep examples as close to real code
as possible (this is part of why running Clippy on doctests is
important for us, e.g. for safety comments, which userspace Rust
does not support yet but we are stricter).
'kernel' crate:
- Replace our custom 'CStr' type with 'core::ffi::CStr'.
Using the standard library type reduces our custom code footprint,
and we retain needed custom functionality through an extension
trait and a new 'fmt!' macro which replaces the previous 'core'
import.
This started in 6.17 and continued in 6.18, and we finally land the
replacement now. This required quite some stamina from Tamir, who
split the changes in steps to prepare for the flag day change here.
- Replace 'kernel::c_str!' with C string literals.
C string literals were added in Rust 1.77, which produce '&CStr's
(the 'core' one), so now we can write:
c"hi"
instead of:
c_str!("hi")
- Add 'num' module for numerical features.
It includes the 'Integer' trait, implemented for all primitive
integer types.
It also includes the 'Bounded' integer wrapping type: an integer
value that requires only the 'N' least significant bits of the
wrapped type to be encoded:
// An unsigned 8-bit integer, of which only the 4 LSBs are used.
let v = Bounded::<u8, 4>::new::<15>();
assert_eq!(v.get(), 15);
'Bounded' is useful to e.g. enforce guarantees when working with
bitfields that have an arbitrary number of bits.
Values can also be constructed from simple non-constant expressions
or, for more complex ones, validated at runtime.
'Bounded' also comes with comparison and arithmetic operations
(with both their backing type and other 'Bounded's with a
compatible backing type), casts to change the backing type,
extending/shrinking and infallible/fallible conversions from/to
primitives as applicable.
- 'rbtree' module: add immutable cursor ('Cursor').
It enables to use just an immutable tree reference where
appropriate. The existing fully-featured mutable cursor is renamed
to 'CursorMut'.
kallsyms:
- Fix wrong "big" kernel symbol type read from procfs.
'pin-init' crate:
- A couple minor fixes (Benno asked me to pick these patches up for
him this cycle).
Documentation:
- Quick Start guide: add Debian 13 (Trixie).
Debian Stable is now able to build Linux, since Debian 13 (released
2025-08-09) packages Rust 1.85.0, which is recent enough.
We are planning to propose that the minimum supported Rust version
in Linux follows Debian Stable releases, with Debian 13 being the
first one we upgrade to, i.e. Rust 1.85.
MAINTAINERS:
- Add entry for the new 'num' module.
- Remove Alex as Rust maintainer: he hasn't had the time to
contribute for a few years now, so it is a no-op change in
practice.
And a few other cleanups and improvements"
* tag 'rust-6.19' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux: (53 commits)
rust: macros: support `proc-macro2`, `quote` and `syn`
rust: syn: enable support in kbuild
rust: syn: add `README.md`
rust: syn: remove `unicode-ident` dependency
rust: syn: add SPDX License Identifiers
rust: syn: import crate
rust: quote: enable support in kbuild
rust: quote: add `README.md`
rust: quote: add SPDX License Identifiers
rust: quote: import crate
rust: proc-macro2: enable support in kbuild
rust: proc-macro2: add `README.md`
rust: proc-macro2: remove `unicode_ident` dependency
rust: proc-macro2: add SPDX License Identifiers
rust: proc-macro2: import crate
rust: kbuild: support using libraries in `rustc_procmacro`
rust: kbuild: support skipping flags in `rustc_test_library`
rust: kbuild: add proc macro library support
rust: kbuild: simplify `--cfg` handling
rust: kbuild: introduce `core-flags` and `core-skip_flags`
...
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Use `Option` combinators to make this a bit less noisy.
Wrap the `dev_pm_opp_set_config` operation in a closure and use type
ascription to leverage the compiler to check for use after free.
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@kernel.org>
Tested-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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Replace the use of `as_ptr` which works through `<CStr as
Deref<Target=&[u8]>::deref()` in preparation for replacing
`kernel::str::CStr` with `core::ffi::CStr` as the latter does not
implement `Deref<Target=&[u8]>`.
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/20251018-cstr-core-v18-10-9378a54385f8@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
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Correct the spelling of "CString" to make the link work.
Fixes: ce32e2d47ce6 ("rust: opp: Add abstractions for the configuration options")
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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Merge energy model management, OPP (operating performance points) and
devfreq updates for 6.18-rc1:
- Prevent CPU capacity updates after registering a perf domain from
failing on a first CPU that is not present (Christian Loehle)
- Add support for the cases in which frequency alone is not sufficient
to uniquely identify an OPP (Krishna Chaitanya Chundru)
- Use to_result() for OPP error handling in Rust (Onur Özkan)
- Add support for LPDDR5 on Rockhip RK3588 SoC to rockchip-dfi devfreq
driver (Nicolas Frattaroli)
- Fix an issue where DDR cycle counts on RK3588/RK3528 with LPDDR4(X)
are reported as half by adding a cycle multiplier to the DFI driver
in rockchip-dfi devfreq-event driver (Nicolas Frattaroli)
- Fix missing error pointer dereference check of regulator instance in
the mtk-cci devfreq driver probe and remove a redundant condition from
an if () statement in that driver (Dan Carpenter, Liao Yuanhong)
* pm-em:
PM: EM: Fix late boot with holes in CPU topology
* pm-opp:
OPP: Add support to find OPP for a set of keys
rust: opp: use to_result for error handling
* pm-devfreq:
PM / devfreq: rockchip-dfi: add support for LPDDR5
PM / devfreq: rockchip-dfi: double count on RK3588
PM / devfreq: mtk-cci: avoid redundant conditions
PM / devfreq: mtk-cci: Fix potential error pointer dereference in probe()
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Simplifies error handling by replacing the manual check
of the return value with the `to_result` helper.
Signed-off-by: Onur Özkan <work@onurozkan.dev>
Reviewed-by: Elle Rhumsaa <elle@weathered-steel.dev>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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Update call sites in `opp.rs` to import ARef and
AlwaysRefCounted from sync::aref instead of types.
This aligns with the ongoing effort to move ARef and
AlwaysRefCounted to sync.
Suggested-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Link: https://github.com/Rust-for-Linux/linux/issues/1173
Signed-off-by: Shankari Anand <shankari.ak0208@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux
Pull Rust updates from Miguel Ojeda:
"Toolchain and infrastructure:
- Enable a set of Clippy lints: 'ptr_as_ptr', 'ptr_cast_constness',
'as_ptr_cast_mut', 'as_underscore', 'cast_lossless' and
'ref_as_ptr'
These are intended to avoid type casts with the 'as' operator,
which are quite powerful, into restricted variants that are less
powerful and thus should help to avoid mistakes
- Remove the 'author' key now that most instances were moved to the
plural one in the previous cycle
'kernel' crate:
- New 'bug' module: add 'warn_on!' macro which reuses the existing
'BUG'/'WARN' infrastructure, i.e. it respects the usual sysctls and
kernel parameters:
warn_on!(value == 42);
To avoid duplicating the assembly code, the same strategy is
followed as for the static branch code in order to share the
assembly between both C and Rust
This required a few rearrangements on C arch headers -- the
existing C macros should still generate the same outputs, thus no
functional change expected there
- 'workqueue' module: add delayed work items, including a
'DelayedWork' struct, a 'impl_has_delayed_work!' macro and an
'enqueue_delayed' method, e.g.:
/// Enqueue the struct for execution on the system workqueue,
/// where its value will be printed 42 jiffies later.
fn print_later(value: Arc<MyStruct>) {
let _ = workqueue::system().enqueue_delayed(value, 42);
}
- New 'bits' module: add support for 'bit' and 'genmask' functions,
with runtime- and compile-time variants, e.g.:
static_assert!(0b00010000 == bit_u8(4));
static_assert!(0b00011110 == genmask_u8(1..=4));
assert!(checked_bit_u32(u32::BITS).is_none());
- 'uaccess' module: add 'UserSliceReader::strcpy_into_buf', which
reads NUL-terminated strings from userspace into a '&CStr'
Introduce 'UserPtr' newtype, similar in purpose to '__user' in C,
to minimize mistakes handling userspace pointers, including mixing
them up with integers and leaking them via the 'Debug' trait. Add
it to the prelude, too
- Start preparations for the replacement of our custom 'CStr' type
with the analogous type in the 'core' standard library. This will
take place across several cycles to make it easier. For this one,
it includes a new 'fmt' module, using upstream method names and
some other cleanups
Replace 'fmt!' with a re-export, which helps Clippy lint properly,
and clean up the found 'uninlined-format-args' instances
- 'dma' module:
- Clarify wording and be consistent in 'coherent' nomenclature
- Convert the 'read!()' and 'write!()' macros to return a 'Result'
- Add 'as_slice()', 'write()' methods in 'CoherentAllocation'
- Expose 'count()' and 'size()' in 'CoherentAllocation' and add
the corresponding type invariants
- Implement 'CoherentAllocation::dma_handle_with_offset()'
- 'time' module:
- Make 'Instant' generic over clock source. This allows the
compiler to assert that arithmetic expressions involving the
'Instant' use 'Instants' based on the same clock source
- Make 'HrTimer' generic over the timer mode. 'HrTimer' timers
take a 'Duration' or an 'Instant' when setting the expiry time,
depending on the timer mode. With this change, the compiler can
check the type matches the timer mode
- Add an abstraction for 'fsleep'. 'fsleep' is a flexible sleep
function that will select an appropriate sleep method depending
on the requested sleep time
- Avoid 64-bit divisions on 32-bit hardware when calculating
timestamps
- Seal the 'HrTimerMode' trait. This prevents users of the
'HrTimerMode' from implementing the trait on their own types
- Pass the correct timer mode ID to 'hrtimer_start_range_ns()'
- 'list' module: remove 'OFFSET' constants, allowing to remove
pointer arithmetic; now 'impl_list_item!' invokes
'impl_has_list_links!' or 'impl_has_list_links_self_ptr!'. Other
simplifications too
- 'types' module: remove 'ForeignOwnable::PointedTo' in favor of a
constant, which avoids exposing the type of the opaque pointer, and
require 'into_foreign' to return non-null
Remove the 'Either<L, R>' type as well. It is unused, and we want
to encourage the use of custom enums for concrete use cases
- 'sync' module: implement 'Borrow' and 'BorrowMut' for 'Arc' types
to allow them to be used in generic APIs
- 'alloc' module: implement 'Borrow' and 'BorrowMut' for 'Box<T, A>';
and 'Borrow', 'BorrowMut' and 'Default' for 'Vec<T, A>'
- 'Opaque' type: add 'cast_from' method to perform a restricted cast
that cannot change the inner type and use it in callers of
'container_of!'. Rename 'raw_get' to 'cast_into' to match it
- 'rbtree' module: add 'is_empty' method
- 'sync' module: new 'aref' submodule to hold 'AlwaysRefCounted' and
'ARef', which are moved from the too general 'types' module which
we want to reduce or eventually remove. Also fix a safety comment
in 'static_lock_class'
'pin-init' crate:
- Add 'impl<T, E> [Pin]Init<T, E> for Result<T, E>', so results are
now (pin-)initializers
- Add 'Zeroable::init_zeroed()' that delegates to 'init_zeroed()'
- New 'zeroed()', a safe version of 'mem::zeroed()' and also provide
it via 'Zeroable::zeroed()'
- Implement 'Zeroable' for 'Option<&T>', 'Option<&mut T>' and for
'Option<[unsafe] [extern "abi"] fn(...args...) -> ret>' for
'"Rust"' and '"C"' ABIs and up to 20 arguments
- Changed blanket impls of 'Init' and 'PinInit' from 'impl<T, E>
[Pin]Init<T, E> for T' to 'impl<T> [Pin]Init<T> for T'
- Renamed 'zeroed()' to 'init_zeroed()'
- Upstream dev news: improve CI more to deny warnings, use
'--all-targets'. Check the synchronization status of the two
'-next' branches in upstream and the kernel
MAINTAINERS:
- Add Vlastimil Babka, Liam R. Howlett, Uladzislau Rezki and Lorenzo
Stoakes as reviewers (thanks everyone)
And a few other cleanups and improvements"
* tag 'rust-6.17' of git://git.kernel.org/pub/scm/linux/kernel/git/ojeda/linux: (76 commits)
rust: Add warn_on macro
arm64/bug: Add ARCH_WARN_ASM macro for BUG/WARN asm code sharing with Rust
riscv/bug: Add ARCH_WARN_ASM macro for BUG/WARN asm code sharing with Rust
x86/bug: Add ARCH_WARN_ASM macro for BUG/WARN asm code sharing with Rust
rust: kernel: move ARef and AlwaysRefCounted to sync::aref
rust: sync: fix safety comment for `static_lock_class`
rust: types: remove `Either<L, R>`
rust: kernel: use `core::ffi::CStr` method names
rust: str: add `CStr` methods matching `core::ffi::CStr`
rust: str: remove unnecessary qualification
rust: use `kernel::{fmt,prelude::fmt!}`
rust: kernel: add `fmt` module
rust: kernel: remove `fmt!`, fix clippy::uninlined-format-args
scripts: rust: emit path candidates in panic message
scripts: rust: replace length checks with match
rust: list: remove nonexistent generic parameter in link
rust: bits: add support for bits/genmask macros
rust: list: remove OFFSET constants
rust: list: add `impl_list_item!` examples
rust: list: use fully qualified path
...
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Rather than export a macro that delegates to `core::format_args`, simply
re-export `core::format_args` as `fmt` from the prelude. This exposes
clippy warnings which were previously obscured by this macro, such as:
warning: variables can be used directly in the `format!` string
--> ../drivers/cpufreq/rcpufreq_dt.rs:21:43
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21 | let prop_name = CString::try_from_fmt(fmt!("{}-supply", name)).ok()?;
| ^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^^
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= help: for further information visit https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#uninlined_format_args
= note: `-W clippy::uninlined-format-args` implied by `-W clippy::all`
= help: to override `-W clippy::all` add `#[allow(clippy::uninlined_format_args)]`
help: change this to
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21 - let prop_name = CString::try_from_fmt(fmt!("{}-supply", name)).ok()?;
21 + let prop_name = CString::try_from_fmt(fmt!("{name}-supply")).ok()?;
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Thus fix them in the same commit. This could possibly be fixed in two
stages, but the diff is small enough (outside of kernel/str.rs) that I
hope it can be taken in a single commit.
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Reviewed-by: Alice Ryhl <aliceryhl@google.com>
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250704-core-cstr-prepare-v1-1-a91524037783@gmail.com
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
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Use a consistent `# Examples` heading in rustdoc across the codebase.
Some modules previously used `## Examples` (even when they should be
available as top-level headers), while others used `# Example`, which
deviates from the preferred `# Examples` style.
Suggested-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Benno Lossin <lossin@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/ddd5ce0ac20c99a72a4f1e4322d3de3911056922.1749545815.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
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Update OPP FFI callback signatures to use `c_int` from the `kernel::prelude`,
instead of accessing it via `kernel::ffi::c_int`.
Although these types are defined in a crate named `ffi`, they are re-exported
via the `kernel::prelude` and should be used from there. This aligns with the
Rust-for-Linux coding guidelines and ensures ABI correctness when interfacing
with C code.
Suggested-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Signed-off-by: Abhinav Ananthu <abhinav.ogl@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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In Rust 1.51.0, Clippy introduced the `ptr_as_ptr` lint [1]:
> Though `as` casts between raw pointers are not terrible,
> `pointer::cast` is safer because it cannot accidentally change the
> pointer's mutability, nor cast the pointer to other types like `usize`.
There are a few classes of changes required:
- Modules generated by bindgen are marked
`#[allow(clippy::ptr_as_ptr)]`.
- Inferred casts (` as _`) are replaced with `.cast()`.
- Ascribed casts (` as *... T`) are replaced with `.cast::<T>()`.
- Multistep casts from references (` as *const _ as *const T`) are
replaced with `core::ptr::from_ref(&x).cast()` with or without `::<T>`
according to the previous rules. The `core::ptr::from_ref` call is
required because `(x as *const _).cast::<T>()` results in inference
failure.
- Native literal C strings are replaced with `c_str!().as_char_ptr()`.
- `*mut *mut T as _` is replaced with `let *mut *const T = (*mut *mut
T)`.cast();` since pointer to pointer can be confusing.
Apply these changes and enable the lint -- no functional change
intended.
Link: https://rust-lang.github.io/rust-clippy/master/index.html#ptr_as_ptr [1]
Reviewed-by: Benno Lossin <benno.lossin@proton.me>
Reviewed-by: Boqun Feng <boqun.feng@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Tamir Duberstein <tamird@gmail.com>
Acked-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Acked-by: Greg Kroah-Hartman <gregkh@linuxfoundation.org>
Acked-by: Tejun Heo <tj@kernel.org>
Acked-by: Danilo Krummrich <dakr@kernel.org>
Link: https://lore.kernel.org/r/20250615-ptr-as-ptr-v12-1-f43b024581e8@gmail.com
[ Added `.cast()` for `opp`. - Miguel ]
Signed-off-by: Miguel Ojeda <ojeda@kernel.org>
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Move the `#[cfg(CONFIG_OF)]` attribute to the top of the documentation test
block and hide it. This applies the condition to the entire test and improves
readability.
Placing configuration flags like `CONFIG_OF` at the top serves as a clear
indicator of the conditions under which the example is valid, effectively
acting like configuration metadata for the example itself.
Suggested-by: Miguel Ojeda <miguel.ojeda.sandonis@gmail.com>
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/9d93c783cc4419f16dd8942a4359d74bc0149203.1748323971.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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The doctest example uses a function only available for CONFIG_OF and so
the build with doc tests fails when it isn't enabled.
error[E0599]: no function or associated item named `from_of_cpumask`
found for struct `rust_doctest_kernel_alloc_kbox_rs_4::kernel::opp::Table`
in the current scope
Fix this by making the doctest depend on CONFIG_OF.
Reported-by: kernel test robot <lkp@intel.com>
Closes: https://lore.kernel.org/oe-kbuild-all/202505260856.ZQWHW2xT-lkp@intel.com/
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
Link: https://patch.msgid.link/a80bfedcb4d94531dc27d3b48062db5042078e88.1748237646.git.viresh.kumar@linaro.org
Signed-off-by: Rafael J. Wysocki <rafael.j.wysocki@intel.com>
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Extend the OPP abstractions to include support for interacting with the
cpufreq core, including the ability to retrieve frequency tables from
OPP table.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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Introduce Rust abstractions for the OPP core configuration options,
enabling safe access to various configurable aspects of the OPP
framework.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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Introduce Rust abstractions for `struct opp_table`, enabling access to
OPP tables from Rust.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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Introduce initial Rust abstractions for the Operating Performance Points
(OPP) framework. This includes bindings for `struct dev_pm_opp` and
`struct dev_pm_opp_data`, laying the groundwork for further OPP
integration.
Signed-off-by: Viresh Kumar <viresh.kumar@linaro.org>
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